I was asked to go head-to-head with nutrition nanny Marion Nestle (for the second time), this time for a forthcoming textbook on nutrition. The topic was what role the food industry should play in encouraging “healthy” habits. The question made some assumptions I don’t agree with (as one might expect from a text book in the public health field).
The four questions, and my answers:
Is the consumer pressured by food companies to buy more heavily advertised foods, such as sweetened beverages, cookies, candies, and snack items? Why or why not?
I doubt it. Advertising’s two main purposes are to foster brand loyalty and to bump customers up to a higher line (read: more expensive) of product. Most people are smart enough to know that fruits and vegetables are better for them than cookies and chips. If you’ve made the conscious decision to eat healthy, television commercials aren’t going to bring you back to pizza and donuts. If more Americans are skipping the produce section for the snack aisle, that’s of course their prerogative. I don’t blame the food companies for what ultimately is an exercise in personal choice.
Is there research to support your point of view?
My point of view is driven primarily by philosophy — what we put into our mouths ought to be our own business, not the business of nutrition activists, government bureaucrats, or politicians. I don’t think we need much research to prove the point that most of us know that produce is better for our health than ice cream. One thing that often gets lost in these debates is just how healthy America really is. Life expectancy continues to reach all-time highs in America. Deaths from heart disease, cancer, and stroke — the country’s three biggest killers — have been in decline for 15 years. Our waistlines may be getting thicker, but it isn’t clear that that poses any large-scale threat to our overall health.
How can the food industry help consumers purchase and eat more fruits and vegetables?
It isn’t so much what the food industry can do as what the government can do — or should stop doing. I do agree with the nutrition activists that government should stop subsidizing corn, and should lift its tariffs on sugar. These policies create unnatural distortions in the food market. Another suggestion: Access seems to be the main problem when it comes to produce and low-income people. Big box stores such as Wal-Mart have figured out how to get inexpensive, high-quality produce to low-income consumers. We should be applauding when big box grocers open stores in urban areas, not chasing them out of town.
What responsibility do food companies have to help Americans eat healthfully?
Individual Americans are responsible for their own diets, not food companies. A company’s only real responsibility is to (1) make profits for its shareholders, and (2) be honest and forthright about what it’s putting on the market. If a food company is misleading or untruthful about its product, then yes, it should be held accountable. But to offer one example, Baskin-Robbins makes ice cream. It has always made ice cream. I see no reason why a company that has always made a product meant to be consumed as an indulgence has any “responsibility” to help Americans “eat healthfully.” If Americans truly want to eat healthy, companies that produce healthy foods will flourish. But I see no reason why a fast food company, for example, should take a loss or go out of business pushing health food no one wants to buy.